Design principles in water reclamation for good water quality

The increased population and water demands have forced the human community to search for new paradigms for supplying and managing water. The water reuse or potable and nonpotable application of reclaimed wastewater is attracting attention. The increased popularity of reclaimed water has raised safety concerns regarding the quality. With suitable treatment techniques (process redundancy, high-level disinfection), technical controls (regular inspections, alarm shutdowns), online monitoring control (residual chlorine concentration, turbidity in effluent), and operational controls (for deviation and variability), a reliable quality of reclaimed water can be accomplished. Monitoring and operational response plans are used to provide quality control in potable reclaimed water projects. Quality is assured by establishing multiple barriers and assessing the reliability of treatment. This chapter discusses the design principles and the important guidelines in water reclamation for better water quality.