Opacity of iron, nickel, and copper plasmas in the x-ray wavelength range: Theoretical interpretation of2p−3dabsorption spectra

This paper deals with theoretical studies on the $2p\ensuremath{-}3d$ absorption in iron, nickel, and copper plasmas related to LULI2000 (Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, 2000J facility) measurements in which target temperatures were of the order of 20 eV and plasma densities were in the range 0.004--0.01 ${\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. The radiatively heated targets were close to local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The structure of $2p\ensuremath{-}3d$ transitions has been studied with the help of the statistical superconfiguration opacity code sco and with the fine-structure atomic physics codes hullac and fac. A new mixed version of the sco code allowing one to treat part of the configurations by detailed calculation based on the Cowan's code rcg has been also used in these comparisons. Special attention was paid to comparisons between theory and experiment concerning the term features which cannot be reproduced by sco. The differences in the spin-orbit splitting and the statistical (thermal) broadening of the $2p\ensuremath{-}3d$ transitions have been investigated as a function of the atomic number $Z$. It appears that at the conditions of the experiment the role of the term and configuration broadening was different in the three analyzed elements, this broadening being sensitive to the atomic number. Some effects of the temperature gradients and possible non-LTE effects have been studied with the help of the radiative-collisional code scric. The sensitivity of the $2p\ensuremath{-}3d$ structures with respect to temperature and density in medium-$Z$ plasmas may be helpful for diagnostics of LTE plasmas especially in future experiments on the $\ensuremath{\Delta}n=0$ absorption in medium-$Z$ plasmas for astrophysical applications.