Environmental hazard analysis of a gypsum karst depression area with geophysical methods: a case study in Sivas (Turkey)

In the study area, the geophysical properties of gypsum and filling materials, karst structures that developed in gypsum, and groundwater level were investigated. According to the results of geophysical studies, it was thought that the depression and dissolution/weathering areas in the karst could be completely or partially filled with water, air, gypsum particles, and one, several, or all of the alluvial units. It was determined that resistivity and S-wave velocity (average 10,263–14,412 Ω m, average > 655 m/s), and resistivity and S-wave velocity of LSVZ in the gypsum surfaced far from the source were lower (