Two-Level Clustering and Routing Algorithms to Prolong the Lifetime of Wind Farm-Based WSN

In recent years, wind power is emerging as one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Yet, reliability is less due to the unplanned downtimes caused by faults in the wind turbines. Monitoring of turbine elements with existing wired technology is not economical and hence replacement with smart wireless sensor devices are rapidly emerging as the next evolution. In such a wireless scenario, maximizing network lifetime and reliability is essential. The recently proposed hybrid multihop routing protocol aims to improve the lifetime of a WSN deployed in a widely distributed network. Though its performance is revealed to be better, the chain based CH selection and routing of data through MST increases the energy consumption thereby reducing the network lifetime. With an objective to circumvent this, three novel multihop routing strategies namely, Shortest Grid Routing, Partitioned Super Grid Direct Routing, and Shortest Super Grid Routing are proposed. For different network scenarios, the proposals are analyzed through simulation and validated via real time experimentation. The performance of the proposals is evaluated using metrics such as first node death, energy consumption, stability, and network reliability and are compared with the recently proposed protocol. The results reveal enhanced network lifetime and reliability which proves the applicability of the proposed routing protocols for CPS based infrastructure network.