An apparent liquid permeability model of dual-wettability nanoporous media: A case study of shale

The hydraulic fracturing fluid can easily infiltrate the ultra-tight shale matrix due to the remarkable slip feature of the liquid flow in nanoscale pores, showing a higher-than-expected fluid-loss in shale gas development. In this paper, a stochastic apparent liquid permeability (ALP) model is developed to reveal water transport mechanisms in dual-wettability nanoporous shale based on the transport behavior in a single nanotube. The present model considers the wettability and pore size related liquid slip effect, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and the structural parameters (maximum and minimum pore size of inorganic or inorganic matter, porosity) of shale matrix. The results show that the multilayer sticking effect (structural water molecules in the pore surface) constricts the flow capacity and slightly decreases the ALP for the inorganic hydrophilic matter, while, a large slip length for the water flow can be observed and the ALP is dramatically improved if the nanopores in the organic matter are strong hydrophobic, especially in organic-rich shale reservoir. The ALP can be reduced or enhanced with the increase of TOC content, which is determined by the relative importance of pore size difference (between organic matter and inorganic matter) and wettability of organic matter. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis of structural parameters on the ALP are examined.