The Lateglacial and early Holocene climate variability and vegetation dynamics derived from chironomid and pollen records of Lieporiai palaeolake, North Lithuania

To investigate the Lateglacial and early Holocene climatic and environmental dynamics in the Eastern Baltic we analysed chironomid and pollen data from Lieporiai palaeolake, North Lithuania. The first quantitative mean July air temperature reconstruction from Lithuania based on fossil chironomid assemblages was performed using expanded Fennoscandian calibration model. Our study suggests that sedimentation started at about 14 600 cal yrs BP and lasted until the early Holocene. The mean July air temperature for Lateglacial and early Holocene from studied site ranged between 13 °C−16 °C which was ~ 2–4 °C lower than the present. Rapidly after the deglaciation during Bolling (GI-1e) interstadial reconstructed July air temperature reached ~ 15 °C. The marked temperature decrease to 13.2 °C was recorded during the Older Dryas (GS-1d). Temperature reached its highest values (up to 16 °C) during the Allerod (GI-1a). The Younger Dryas (GS-1) was relatively cold with the mean July air temperature ~ 14 °C and this was 3.9 °C colder than the present. The pattern of the Lateglacial temperature changes from Lieporiai Lake shows both similarities and some differences from the other chironomid based regional and European reconstructions. Chironomid inferred palaeoenvironmental changes are in positive correlation with changes in the development of vegetation.