Electrospherization of genistein@DNA core-shell nanospheres as a drug delivery system and theoretical study of the release mechanism

The practical application of genistein (GEN) as a drug system is hindered by its low aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability. Encapsulation of poor water-soluble drug was considered as one of the widely used approaches to overcome such of these obstacles. The primary goal of this research was to in situ encapsulate the hydrophobic GEN during the electrosynthesis of DNA nanospheres as a delivery system (Es GEN@DNA) with appropriate drug release properties. The prepared Es GEN@DNA nanospheres were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), zeta potential and stability test. The results revealed that GEN was successfully encapsulate in situ during the DNA electrospherization (Es GEN@DNA) as core shell like structure (Core: GEN and Shell: DNA) with a wonderful stability against time. Furthermore, the drug encapsulation % was studied. In addition, the drug release efficiency of Es GEN@DNA was recorded and theoretically visualized to understand the mechanism and kinetics of GEN drug release. %Encapsulation of GEN within DNA nanospheres was found to be 89.62%. Es GEN@DNA release profile explored that the well entrapped GEN within the DNA nanospheres could be a promising for sustained drug release. Besides, we overcome the dilemma of using a fractal or fractional kinetics model by introducing a general fractional kinetic equation that involves a time-dependent rate coefficient, which introduced that the solution of the fractional kinetic model is capable of fitting the release data profiles of free GEN and Es GEN@DNA.