Restructuring of Distributive Rules of Natural Resources (2): Education Fees

Education has two kinds of benefits, personal and social, with the former increasing the earning ability of individuals and the latter raising the overall productivity of the society and most of all, growing cooperative ability to create and maintaining peace among human groups, particularly among nations. With the world having experienced two world wars in the 20th century and regional wars thereafter, the ability of education to help create peace announced in the Declaration of 1948 and the Covenant in 1966 is to be regarded as the most important goal of education. This importance lasts for the entire duration of education from primary to higher education. Furthermore, with regard to the personal benefit of higher incomes from higher education, this does not only benefit university graduates but also society as a whole through increases in overall productivity. Thus, examining the private and social benefits, including equity between university graduates and non-graduates, the benefits overwhelmingly accrue to society as a whole. Thus, the cost of higher education should be borne by society through taxes.