Scaling Millimeter-Wave Phased Arrays: Challenges and Solutions

This paper motivates the need for scaled phased arrays and outlines key challenges for their implementation. Design trade-offs are discussed for important aspects such as beamforming architecture, module-level realization with antennas and packaging, and digital control. Two recently introduced scaled 64-element dual polarized phased array designs are reviewed as implementation examples. (1) A phased array transceiver module operating at 28-GHz supporting 5G applications, and (2) TX and RX phased arrays operating at 94-GHz suitable for backhaul and imaging applications. An outlook for future opportunities with phased array scaling is provided.