Nutritional, phytochemical compositions and natural therapeutic values of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides): A Review

Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) is a multi-purpose cucurbit crop serving the food, feed and the pharmaceutical sectors. The fresh and dried young leaves, fruit and seed are sources of vital human nutrients, and unique phytochemical compounds with pharmacological and therapeutic values. Citron watermelon is indigenous to Africa but commercial products are not widely developed and the crop is largely neglected and underutilized in the region. This is attributed to lack of dedicated research and development efforts and well-defined value chains for citron watermelon genetic resources. The objective of this review was to document the nutritional and phytochemical compositions, pharmacological and therapeutic values of citron watermelon to aid future production, utilization, genetic conservation, research and product development. The review serves as a foundation information on the unique values of citron watermelon to guide future research and development. It recommends collaborative and detailed biochemical analysis efforts for product discovery and optimal use of health-promoting bioactive compounds using the diverse genetic resources available in Africa and elsewhere. This will enhance the commercial value and benefit sharing from citron watermelon in the horticulture, food and pharmaceutical industry.