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Myopia and Childhood Migration
- Source :
- Ophthalmology. 127:713-723
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Purpose Immigration studies can shed light on myopia development and reveal high-risk populations. To this end, we investigated the association among immigration, age at immigration, and myopia occurrence during adolescence. Design Population-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Participants Six hundred seven thousand eight hundred sixty-two adolescents, Israeli born and immigrants, with origins in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Ethiopia, or Israel, assessed for medical fitness for mandatory military service at 17 years of age between 1993 and 2016. Methods Myopia and high myopia were defined based on right eye refractive data. Age at immigration was categorized into 0 to 5 years of age, 6 to 11 years of age, and 12 to 19 years of age. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were created. Myopia odds ratios (ORs) were calculated according to immigration status, with Israeli-born natives as controls. Next, myopia ORs were calculated according to age at immigration, with Israeli-born of same origin as controls. Main Outcome Measures Myopia prevalence and ORs. Results Myopia was less prevalent among immigrants than Israeli-born controls. When stratified according to age at immigration, a decrease in myopia prevalence and ORs with increasing age at migration were observed, most prominent in immigrants arriving after 11 years of age, who also showed lower high-myopia ORs. The immigrants from the USSR and Ethiopia arriving after 11 years of age showed a myopia OR of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.67; P Conclusions Immigrants arriving after 11 years of age showed markedly lower ORs for myopia and high myopia relative to Israeli-born controls or those arriving during early childhood, likely because of environmental and lifestyle changes. Differences between immigrants arriving up to 5 years of age and those arriving between 6 and 11 years of age were relatively smaller, suggesting exposures at elementary school age play a greater role in this population.
- Subjects :
- 0303 health sciences
education.field_of_study
genetic structures
business.industry
Cross-sectional study
media_common.quotation_subject
Immigration
Population
Retrospective cohort study
Odds ratio
Logistic regression
eye diseases
Confidence interval
03 medical and health sciences
Ophthalmology
0302 clinical medicine
030221 ophthalmology & optometry
Medicine
Early childhood
business
education
030304 developmental biology
media_common
Demography
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 01616420
- Volume :
- 127
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Ophthalmology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........6d2c6a3d04c51f74e7410a6648a059e4