Geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in Keonjhar City, Odisha, India

This study intended at the recognition of hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater excellence by applying different quality indices for intake and farming functions. Thirty groundwater samples were taken from the Keonjhar city, Odisha, and different hydrogeochemical parameters were analyzed to understand groundwater excellence. In the current work, cation chemistry shows the sequence of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and anions chemistry HCO3−>Cl−>SO42−>NO3. Gibbs plot indicates that groundwater samples are found in rock dominance. Different ratios of the major ions indicate that silicate weathering and anthropogenic activities were the major sources of ions in the groundwater. Factor examination also validates that both natural and anthropogenic actions are contributing ion in the aquifer. Based on diverse indices used for agriculture purpose, the greater part of the groundwater in the investigative region is appropriate for farming function. Groundwater quality is a dynamic process and subject to seasonal and spatial changes, so continuous assessment and monitoring is required. This study provides the severity of NO3 contamination in the study area as 40% of samples show the values more than the permissible limit. So, proper remediation measures are required prior to consumption of groundwater.