The pre-Bötzinger complex: Generation and modulation of respiratory rhythm

Introduction In mammals, the preBotzinger complex (preBotC) is a bilateral and symmetrical neural network located in the brainstem which is essential for the generation and modulation of respiratory rhythm. Few human studies have addressed the preBotC and its relationship with neurological diseases has not been described. However, the possibility that the preBotC is important in neural control of breathing, and potentially involved in neurological diseases in humans, has been suggested based on pharmacological manipulation and lesion of the preBotC in animal models, both in vivo and in vitro. Method In this review, we describe the effects of certain drugs on the inspiratory activity in vitro in a transverse slice that contains the preBotC, as well as some in vivo experiments. Drugs were classified according to their effects on the main neurotransmitter systems and their importance as stimulators or inhibitors of preBotC activity and therefore for the generation of the respiratory rhythm. Conclusion Clinical neurologists will find this information relevant to understanding how the central nervous system generates the respiratory rhythm and may also relate this information to the findings made in daily practice.