Metro design and heritage sustainability: conflict analysis using attitude based on options in the graph model

The historical megacities act as a catalyst for sustainable economic development. But the rampant urbanization and demand for the development of mass-transit infrastructure have put pressure on natural environment and heritage scape. Collaborative urban planning is essential especially in culturally and archaeologically rich cities. Megaprojects such as mass-transit systems, especially in developing countries, normally are encouraged for political point scoring. But the choices of the mod of mass-transit systems, their route selection, design and vertical alignment may have a devastating impact on cultural and historical heritage leading to serious conflicts during execution of mass-transit plans. This study employs system engineering decision analysis techniques to resolve urban planning issues of heritage sustainability while analysing metro-heritage conflict in Lahore. Realizing the fact that the attitude(s) of the Decision Makers (DMs) play important role in the decision–decision making, the authors use the attitudes of the DMs based on options in Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) to resolve the metro-heritage conflict.