Facing Anthelmintic Resistance in Goats

Goats raised in pasture are inevitably infected by gastrointestinal nematodes, whatever the place and the climatic conditions. This parasitism results in production losses (growth or milk) and in some cases, in high mortality rates (with high parasite burden or in kids). For many years, these infections were controlled by conventional anthelmintics. Due to unsuitable usages (for example, high number of treatments or under-dosage), anthelmintic resistance has developed and is now very prevalent in goats as demonstrated by the numerous cases of simple or multiple anthelminthic resistance which have been reported throughout the world. Reports include resistance to the most recent anthelmintics, macrocyclic lactones and monepantel. Consequently, the way of managing gastrointestinal parasitism of goats has to move from anthelmintics alone to a more integrated management, including better use of anthelmintics, natural dewormers (nutraceuticals), enhancement of the immunity of the goats via alimentation or vaccination, selection of resistant goats or breeds and grazing management. The present chapter will give an overview of the situation regarding anthelmintic resistance in goats and integrated parasitism management.