Survey of Synthetic Routes towards Phosphorus Substituted Porphyrins

This brief review summarizes the synthetic approaches towards porphyrins bearing a C-P bond at the periphery of the macrocycle. In the first section we detail the non catalytic pathways for the synthesis of phosphorus substituted porphyrins using different phosphonate precursors or by derivatization of a pre-existing porphyrin. In the second section we demonstrate that palladium- or copper-catalyzed phosphorylation of halogen substituted porphyrins is an efficient method to prepare meso- and β-phosphoryl substituted porphyrins.