Frequency and temperature dependence of the hysteresis loop in PMnN-PZT ceramics

The frequency and temperature dependence of the hysteresis loops in Pb［(Zr0 52Ti048)095(Mn1/3Nb2/3)005］O3 (PM nN_PZT) ceramics have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the polar ization_field hysteresis curves show “pinched" shapes instead of the normal squ are_like P_E loops when tested at room temperature or higher frequency. While at 200℃ or lower frequency, normal square_like loops are observed. In the meantim e, important ferroelectric features such as coercive field, polarization and int ernal bias field are strongly frequency or temperature dependent. High increase of the remnant polarization (Pr) reveals that there may be defect dipo les that induce the unsaturated hysteresis loop. The close relations between the P_E loops and the applied frequencies or temperatures indicate that there exist s a typical relaxation time associated with reorientation of the defect dipoles.