Navigation in neuroendoscopy

SummaryNavigation in neuroendoscopy is becoming increasingly important, especially in complex interventions, such as tumour biopsies and cyst fenestrations. Theoretically, all existing image modalities are available to fulfill this need. Navigation with preoperative computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance images represents the ‘gold standard’ and is highly recommended for almost al neuroendoscopic operations. However, intra-operative changes of anatomy, due to, e.g. brain shift, cannot be taken into account by such navigation systems. For such cases, real-time imaging with sonography, CT or MRI may be helpful. At the moment, these methods are not routinely employed. Another interesting future development is digital image-processing in neuroendoscopy (as well as in other endoscopic procedures). With this new method, the control of dangerous intra-operative situations may become easier (because different modules are available) and documentation and training can be performed using the stored digital e...