Hsp70-Family Proteins and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neuronal proteostasis is a highly regulated and crucial component of neural function. Unlike other tissues and organ, cell loss due to damage and dysfunctional signaling mechanisms is not an option for the brain. Neurons are thusly dependent on the collective cellular machinery of the molecular chaperones. Hsp70, a molecular chaperone which hydrolyzes ATP to fold proteins into a functional state, has been implicated as both a driver of disease pathogenesis and a therapeutic target for the activities and associations identified in several neurodegenerative diseases. Through interaction studies, genetic models, and small molecule therapeutics which serve as chemical tools, we have gained a greater understanding and appreciation for the role of Hsp70 in several neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter will discuss the studies and tools which elucidated the role of Hsp70 family members in neurodegenerative disorders and will offer perspective into therapeutic interventions which may prove beneficial for treating these diseases.