Direct imaging of three-dimensional atomic arrangement by stereophotography using two-dimensional photoelectron spectroscopy

We have developed a new method, “stereo-atomscope”, to obtain a stereophotograph of the three-dimensional atomic arrangement around a specific atom at the surface, with which one can view the three-dimensional atomic arrangement directly by naked eyes. The azimuthal shifts of forward focusing peaks in the photoelectron angular distribution pattern obtained with left and right helicity lights are the same as the parallax in a stereo-view. Taking advantage of this phenomenon of circular dichroism in the photoelectron angular distribution, one can realize a stereoscope of atomic arrangement. A display-type spherical-mirror analyzer has been used to obtain stereoscopic photographs directly on the screen without any computer-aided conversion process.