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Polystyrene microplastics alleviate the effects of sulfamethazine on soil microbial communities at different CO2 concentrations
- Source :
- Journal of Hazardous Materials. 413:125286
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Microplastics were reported to adsorb antibiotics and may modify their effects on soil systems. But there has been little research investigating how microplastics may affect the toxicities of antibiotics to microbes under future climate conditions. Here, we used a free-air CO2 enrichment system to investigate the responses of soil microbes to sulfamethazine (SMZ, 1 mg kg−1) in the presence of polystyrene microplastics (PS, 5 mg kg−1) at different CO2 concentrations (ambient at 380 ppm and elevated at 580 ppm). SMZ alone decreased bacterial diversity, negatively affected the bacterial structure and inter-relationships, and enriched the sulfonamide-resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) and class 1 integron (intl1). PS, at both CO2 conditions, showed little effect on soil bacteria but markedly alleviated SMZ’s adverse effects on bacterial diversity, composition and structure, and inhibited sul1 transmission by decreasing the intl1 abundance. Elevated CO2 had limited modification in SMZ’s disadvantages to microbial communities but markedly decreased the sul1 and sul2 abundance. Results indicated that increasing CO2 concentration or the presence of PS affected the responses of soil microbes to SMZ, providing new insights into the risk prediction of antibiotics under future climate conditions.
- Subjects :
- Soil bacteria
021110 strategic, defence & security studies
Microplastics
Environmental Engineering
biology
Chemistry
medicine.drug_class
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Antibiotics
0211 other engineering and technologies
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Future climate
biology.organism_classification
01 natural sciences
Pollution
Bacterial cell structure
Environmental chemistry
Co2 concentration
medicine
Environmental Chemistry
Composition (visual arts)
Waste Management and Disposal
Bacteria
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03043894
- Volume :
- 413
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........626279c822f48110a3f2ca5aa319f549