Ice Caves in Norway, Fennoscandia and the Arctic

Ice caves of Fennoscandia and the Arctic are reviewed. Of the five caves listed in Norway, Svarthammarhola is the largest and most studied. Sweden and Finland each have one reported ice cave. Several of the lava tubes in Iceland contain perennial ice, of which only two are well documented. The potential for caves with accretional ground ice in Svalbard and Greenland is briefly discussed. In Fennoscandia, many caves have either lost all or a substantial amount of perennial ice during the past half-century.