Sp(rache). El bacilo lingüístico de la venganza y la idea de eterno retorno en Nietzsche

espanolLa intencion teorica que pretende este estudio es la de exponer la idea del eterno retorno sobre el terreno filosofico del lenguaje. Se puede captar en la reflexion de Nietzsche, mas alla del analisis psicologico, un estatus linguistico-gramatical de la venganza. La omnipresencia de este instinto es tan radical que se entrelaza con la omnipresencia de la metafisica del lenguaje. La venganza empuja a la busqueda del culpable, del autor, de la causa, del sujeto, Empuja a la venganza en busqueda de culpables, del autor, el caso de la materia, entrelazandose con el gesto de fundacion metafisica en general. La liberacion de la venganza, que promete Zaratustra con el eterno retorno, puede ser interpretada como un intento paradojico de redencion de la ultima «sombra de Dios», de la fe en la gramatica. EnglishThe purpose of this paper is to present the Nietzschean concepts of revenge and eternal return on philosophical grounds of language. One can grasp in the reflection of Nietzsche, beyond psychological analysis, a linguistic-grammatical meaning of “revenge”. The pervasiveness of this instinct is so radical that it is intertwined with the pervasiveness of the metaphysics of language. The revenge drives in search of the culprit, of the author, of the cause, of the subject, and it is linked with the founding gesture of metaphysics in general. But this vengeful research of an author is rooted first and foremost in grammatical functions, in the predicative structure of the speech, which declines each event according to agent and activities. The deliverance from revenge, that Zarathustra promises with the eternal return, can be interpreted as a paradoxical attempt to get free from the last shadow of God, the faith in grammar.