Electrochemical Determination of Superoxide Based on CytochromecImmobilized on DDAB‐Modified Powder Microelectrode

Cytochrome c was immobilized at didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)‐modified powder microelectrode and presented quasi‐reversible electrochemistry. The apparent surface coverage of cytochrome c is greatly enhanced by using powder microelectrode technique, which is 1.21×10−8 mol/cm2, more than one to three orders of magnitude larger than that obtained with thiol and DNA‐modified Au electrode. The cytochrome c modified powder microelectrode was applied for the amperometric determination of superoxide generated by the reaction of hypoxanthine with xanthine oxidase (XOD) in the presence of dioxygen. The detection sensitivity of the modified powder microelectrode is 0.74 µA/cm2 µM, which is larger than that reported in previous publications. The detection limit of the modified powder microelectrode (PME) is 0.5 µM, and the linear detection range is 0.86∼5.93 µM (values of the concentration are all in terms of hypoxanthine concentration in the solution).