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Conversion of Unprotected Aldose Sugars to Polyhydroxyalkyl and C-Glycosyl Furans via Zirconium Catalysis
- Source :
- The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 85:15337-15346
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- American Chemical Society (ACS), 2020.
-
Abstract
- An efficient, zirconium-catalyzed conversion of unprotected aldose sugars with acetylacetone to polyhydroxyalkyl furans or C-glycosylfurans is reported. The furan products are formed in up to 93% yield using 5-10 mol % ZrCl4. Pentoses are readily converted at room temperature, while hexoses and their oligosaccharides require mild heating (i.e., 50 °C). Efficient conversions of glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, erythrose, a heptose, and glucosamine are also demonstrated. This approach outpaces each of the previous Lewis acid-catalyzed methods in at least one the following ways: (i) lower catalyst loadings; (ii) reduced reaction temperatures; (iii) shorter reaction times; (iv) equimolar substrate stoichiometry; (v) expanded sugar scope; (vi) higher selectivities; and (vii) the use of an Earth-abundant Zr catalyst.
Details
- ISSN :
- 15206904 and 00223263
- Volume :
- 85
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Journal of Organic Chemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........6082bfea5167aadd193146260b260c34