Bovine and Equine Onchocerciasis in Guatemala, Especially in San Vicente Pacaya

10 coyotes suggests that this coyote was infected at an early age, probably by exposure to larvae passed by its dam. A related metastrongyloid, Filaroides martis (=F. bronchialis), in mink (Mustela vison) uses gastropod intermediate hosts, and mice can serve as paratenic hosts for the final infection (Dubnitski, 1955, Karakulevod. Zerovod. 8: 51; Anderson, 1962, Can. J. Zool. 40: 893-920). Further investigations of the possible role of prey species in the life cycle of 0. osleri in coyotes are warranted.