Impact of the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer in 2003-2004: Population-based study from the Province of Ontario, Canada

Background Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) became the standard of care for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancers based on clinical trials but its effectiveness at the community level is not reported. Methods We conducted a population-based comparative effectiveness study of all 571 patients with oropharyngeal cancer in Ontario Canada (2003–2004) that describes the patients and the treatments and compares concurrent CRT to radiotherapy (RT) alone. Results When comparing the outcomes (CRT vs RT) for all patients or patients eligible for either treatment, for patients of centers with the “higher use” of CRT to patients of the ‘lower use’ centers and comparing all centers, we found no overall or disease-specific advantage to CRT over RT alone. There was also no difference in recurrence-free survival, pattern of recurrences, or distant control. Conclusion In Ontario (2003–2004), in daily clinical practice, the addition of concurrent CRT to RT had little impact on survival in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1461–1469, 2015