What Imaging Errors Occur When Evaluating the Optic Nerve Head?

In the last years optical coherence tomography imaging of the optic nerve head and the peripapillary retina became a part of the routine clinical practice worldwide. Unfortunately, performing optic nerve head imaging routinely does not mean that all acquired images are technically correct and clinically informative. Imaging artifacts are common, and in many cases, they remain undetected due to the users’ insufficient knowledge on the relevant technical aspects. Unrecognized imaging artifacts and lack of detailed clinical evaluation of the disc lead to incorrect medical decisions, which have clinically significant influence on the patients’ management. In this chapter the most common optic nerve head and peripapillary area imaging artifacts and errors, and their effects on medical decision making are summarized in a comprehensive manner.