Optimized versions of surface plasma negative ion sources

Summary form only given. The features of improved versions of surface plasma sources (SPS) with cesium catalysis for negative ion production are discussed. The advantages of semiplanotron SPS (BINP, Novosibirsk) with the drift of a thin layer high dense plasma in crossed fields and a hot cathode discharge SPS (SITEX, ORNL) with magnetic field and low gas density are optimized configurations. Close discharge configuration have a Penning multicharge ion source with sputtered electrode opposite an emission slit. The form of emitter surface should be optimized for low aberration geometrical focusing of the secondary negative ion to the emission hole in magnetic field. A supersonic jet of atoms, crossed emission hole, will be used for deep cooling of the negative ion flux with big energy spread from the emitter by resonant charge-exchange with the cold atoms of a jet. The fast pumping of atoms directly in source chamber will keep the gas density low and the destruction of negative ions low. Intense beams of hydrogen isotopes with a temperature less than 1 eV and an emission current density up to 1 A/cm can be reached in a continuously operated SPS with cylindrical emitter and emission slit parallel to the magnetic field. A similar configuration is adequate as an efficient ionizer for nuclear polarized negative ion beam production from low energy polarized atoms after sextupole focusing, optical pumping, or supercold accumulation.