Characteristic atom arranging crystallogphy of alloy phases for Au-Cu system

In this paper, it is pointed out that the descriptions of alloy phase structures are dependent on structural unit sequence. In the systematic science of alloys (SSA), the alloy phase structures are described by means of the symmetry element sequence combining with characteristic atom sequence. It is named the characteristic atom arranging structure, which can display the characteristic atoms at the lattice sites and the micro-inhomogeneity, besides the symmetry. Each characteristic atom has its own characters: neighboring configuration, potential energy, volume and electronic structure. The micro-inhomogeneity of alloy phases can be described by concentrations and short-range ordered parameters of characteristic atoms. The differences between the electronic structures of alloy phases and electronic structures of characteristic atoms in the alloy phases are also discussed.