Effects of LED treatment and plasma-activated water on the growth and quality of Panax ginseng sprouts during hydroponic cultivation

Panax ginseng sprouts have important medicinal properties and thus the optimization of growth conditions is an important research goal. The effects of LED treatment and plasma-activated water on the growth and quality of Panax ginseng sprouts (PGS) in hydroponic cultivation were evaluated. Using 1-year-old ginseng plants, light was applied 9-18 h for the CGS, TGS1, TGS2, and TGS3 groups and 24 h for TGS4. Plasma-activated water was used in all groups except CGS and TGS1, and fermentation nutrient solutions (NO) were added to TGS1, TGS3, and TGS4. The TGS4 group had a high total length and initial length on days 7 and 14. At 21 days, the growth of TGS1, TGS3, and TGS4 with NO nutrient solutions increased. The total decay rate (%) was low (4.24-4.65%) for TGS1, TGS2, and TGS3. Although the chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll contents were significantly higher in TGS4 than in other groups (p