Additional Consolidation after Attaining Second Complete Remission Results in Superior Outcomes after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Introduction Treatment outcomes for adult patients with relapsed ALL are limited. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative option in a small subset of patients. We sought to investigate the optimal extent of therapy required prior to proceeding to transplant in second complete remission (CR2). Methods 126 consecutive patients with ALL in CR2 underwent HCT at MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2004 to December 2015. The patient and transplant characteristics are described in table 1. The probabilities of outcomes were calculated with the Kaplan-Meyer method. Variables found to be significant at the p Results Median follow-up was 38.4 months (range 6-125). The 3-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and transplant-related mortality (TRM) were 34.6%, 29.5% and 33.2%, respectively. Eighty-three patients received at least one course of chemotherapy after achieving CR2 (median 2, range 1-6). These patients had significantly better OS, PFS and relapse rate than the 34 patients that went to transplant immediately after achieving CR2. Namely, 43.8% vs 7.6% (p=0.002), 39.4% vs. 5.1% (p=0.002) and 37.9% vs. 89.5% (p Patient's age, performance status, comorbidity index and graft source were also predictive for outcome. In multivariate analysis receiving at least one additional course of chemotherapy after achieving CR2 (RR=0.53, CI=0.31-0.91, p=0.02), age>45 (RR=2.06, CI=1.20-3.53, p=0.009), alternative graft sources (RR=1.81, CI=1.09-2.97, p=0.02) and Karnofsky 45 (RR=1.92, CI=1.15-3.20, p=0.01) and Karnofsky Conclusion: The outcome of patients with relapsed ALL who proceed to HCT immediately after achieving CR2 is dismal. Our data supports the notion that patients should receive at least one additional course of treatment after achieving CR2 prior to transplantation, regardless of MRD status. However, our observations must be interpreted with caution as this was not an intent to treat analysis so we could not adjust for loss of patients prior transplantation. Further analysis on an intent to treat basis is underway. Disclosures Ciurea: Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Other: Advisory Board; Cyto-Sen Therapeutics: Equity Ownership. Jabbour:Pfizer: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy; ARIAD: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; ARIAD: Consultancy. Kantarjian:BMS, Pfizer, Amgen, Novartis: Research Funding. Champlin:Intrexon: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties; Ziopharm Oncology: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.