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Mechanistic, Mechanistic-Based Empirical, and Continuum-Based Concepts and Models for the Transport of Polyelectrolyte-Modified Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (NZVI) in Saturated Porous Media
- Source :
- Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration ISBN: 9783319953380
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Springer International Publishing, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Controlled emplacement of polyelectrolyte-modified NZVI at a high particle concentration (1–10 g/L) is needed for effective in situ subsurface remediation. For this reason, a modeling tool capable of predicting polyelectrolyte-modified NZVI transport is imperative. However, the deep bed filtration theory is invalid for this purpose because several phenomena governing the transport of polyelectrolyte-modified NZVI in saturated porous media, including detachment, particle agglomeration, straining, and porous media ripening, violate the fundamental assumption of such a classical theory. Thus, this chapter critically reviews the literature of each phenomenon with various kinds of nanoparticles with a special focus on polyelectrolyte-modified NZVI. Then, each phenomenon is elaborated using three kinds of mathematical models, including mechanistic (such as extended DLVO theory), mechanistic-based empirical (correlations to predict NZVI agglomeration and deposition), and continuum-based (Eulerian continuum-based models). These proposed modeling tools can be applied at various scales from column experiments (1-D) to field-scaled operations (3-D) for designing NZVI injection and emplacement in the subsurface.
Details
- ISBN :
- 978-3-319-95338-0
- ISBNs :
- 9783319953380
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration ISBN: 9783319953380
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........551ff8e4d6fddc4e7dc0c604f1a5ce02