Ixodes robbinsi D. Apanaskevich & Edgy 2022, n. sp

Ixodes robbinsi D. Apanaskevich & Edgy n. sp. Type-host: American robin— Turdus migratorius Linnaeus (Passeriformes: Turdidae). Other hosts: Ruffed grouse— Bonasa umbellus (Linnaeus) (Galliformes: Phasianidae), black-headed grosbeak— Pheucticus melanocephalus (Swainson) (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), dark-eyed junco— Junco hyemalis (Linnaeus), song sparrow— Melospiza melodia (Wilson), Savannah sparrow— Passerculus sandwichensis (Gmelin), sooty fox sparrow— Passerella unalaschensis (Gmelin), golden-crowned sparrow— Zonotrichia atricapilla (Gmelin), white-crowned sparrow— Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forster) (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), purple finch— Haemorhous purpureus (Gmelin) (Passeriformes: Fringillidae), black-capped chickadee— Poecile atricapillus Linnaeus (Passeriformes: Paridae), house sparrow— Passer domesticus (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Passeridae), Bewick’s wren— Thryomanes bewickii (Audubon), Pacific wren— Troglodytes pacificus Baird (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae). Type-locality: USA: Oregon: Tillamook County: Netarts. Other localities: Canada: British Columbia: Vancouver Island, Rocky Point, Rocky Point Bird Observatory; USA: Alaska: Alexander Archipelago, Wrangell Island; Juneau, Gold Creek, Salmon Creek; California: Mendocino County, Ten Mile River; Napa County, Mead Ranch; Oregon: Curry County, near Brookings, Goat Island; Tillamook County: Hebo, Tillamook; Washington: Kitsap County: Hansville Road c. 8 km north of junction with Highway 104; Olympic Mountains. Type-material: Holotype female, from T. migratorius, Netarts (~ 45°26’N, 123°56’W), Tillamook County, Oregon, USA, 3.iii.1930, A. Walker (AW) and R. Walker (RW); deposited in the USNTC (USNMENT 00987201). Paratypes: 10 females. USA: Oregon: Tillamook County, Hebo (~ 45°13’N, 123°51’W): 1 female, from P. domesticus, 25.viii.1932, USNMENT 00987238; Tillamook County, Netarts: 1 female, from P. unalaschensis, 5.iii.1930, AW and RW, USNMENT 00987204; same locality: 1 female, from T. migratorius, 21.iii.1930, AW and RW, USNMENT 00987239; same locality: 1 female, from M. melodia, 16.xi.1930, RW, USNMENT 00987207; same locality: 1 female, from M. melodia, 25.xi.1930, AW and RW, USNMENT 00987218; Tillamook County, Tillamook (~ 45°27’N, 123°50’W): 1 female, from J. hyemalis, 10.xii.1930, AW and RW, USNMENT 00987205; same locality: 1 female, from J. hyemalis, 24.ii.1930, AW, USNMENT 00987223; same locality: 1 female, from T. migratorius, 15.iii.1930, AW and RW, USNMENT 00987222; same locality: 1 female, from H. purpureus, 24.iii.1930, AW and RW, USNMENT 00987195; Washington: Kitsap County, Hansville Road c. 8 km north of junction with Highway 104 (~ 47°52’N, 122°32’W): 1 female, from P. atricapillus, 30.ix.2000, H. Kaster, USNMENT 00988219. All paratypes are deposited in the USNTC. Other material: 11 nymphs and 17 larvae. Canada: British Columbia: Vancouver Island, Rock Point (~ 48°19’N, 123°32’W), Rocky Point Bird Observatory: 1 nymph, from T. bewickii, 18.viii.2001, G. Gibson, USNMENT 00988214. USA: Alaska: Alexander Archipelago, Wrangell Island (~ 56°17’N, 132°10’W): 1 nymph, from P. unalaschensis, 22.iv.1946, J. D. Webster, USNMENT 00987221; Juneau, Gold Creek (~ 58°17’N, 134°25’W): 7 larvae, from P. sandwichensis, 10.v.1945, R. B. Williams (RBW), USNMENT 00987209; Juneau, Salmon Creek (~ 58°20’N, 134°24’W): 9 larvae, from Z. atricapilla, 5.v.1953, RBW, USNMENT 00987180; California: Mendocino County, Ten Mile River (~ 39°33’N, 123°46’W): 1 nymph, from Z. leucophrys, 10.v.1959, R. C. Banks, USNMENT 00987197; Napa County, Mead Ranch (~ 38°23’N, 122°14’W): 1 nymph, from P. melanocephalus, 25.viii.1970, R. T. Mead, USNMENT 00987224; Oregon: Curry County, near Brookings, Goat Island (~ 42°3’N, 124°19’W): 2 nymphs, from M. melodia, 16.ix.1967, E. Easton (EE), USNMENT 00987210; same locality: 1 nymph, from M. melodia, 22.vi.1968, Clifford, Corwin and EE, USNMENT 00987230; same locality: 1 larva, from M. melodia, 8.ix.1971, EE, USNMENT 01481795; Tillamook County, Tillamook: 1 nymph, from M. melodia, 19.iii.1930, AW and RW, USNMENT 00987237; same locality: 1 nymph, from J. hyemalis, 6.xi.1930, RW and AW, USNMENT 00987213; same locality: 1 nymph, from T. pacificus, 27.ii.1931, AW, USNMENT 00987203; Washington: Olympic Mountains (~ 47°49’N, 123°49’W), Spruce: 1 nymph, from B. umbellus, 20.iv.1933, H. H. Stage, USNMENT 00987150. All specimens are deposited in the USNTC. ZooBank registration: The Life Science Identifier (LSID) for Ixodes robbinsi n. sp. is urn:lsid:zoobank.org: act: 0F514D22-818B-4951-B436-FF95A14A2B24. Etymology: The species is named after Richard George Robbins, a United States acarologist and colleague who has contributed much to our knowledge on the systematics, distribution and ecology of ticks, especially those of the Americas, East and Southeast Asia. Description. Female [Based on 11 specimens; Figs. 30, 31.] Idiosoma (Fig. 30A, F) of medium- to largely engorged specimens broadly suboval. Scutum (Fig. 30B, C) length 1.24–1.36 (1.29 ± 0.05; n = 11), width 1.05–1.26 (1.11 ± 0.06; n = 11), ratio 1.08–1.25 (1.16 ± 0.05; n = 11); lateral margins diverging for approximately 1/2 of scutal length, then converging to broadly rounded posterior margin; lateral carinae absent; cervical grooves very shallow reaching posterior quarter of scutal length; relatively sparse very fine punctations evenly distributed throughout scutum; very slight rugosity may be discernible in central field of scutum; setae (Fig. 30B, C) relatively sparse, very short (c. 0.03 in anterolateral margin of scutum). Alloscutum (Fig. 30A) as illustrated; setae (Fig. 30A, D, E) numerous, evenly distributed, very short in center of alloscutum: c. 0.02–0.03 (avg. 0.02) and long in area medial to marginal grooves: c.0.04–0.05 (avg. 0.05), setae in area medial to marginal grooves 1.83-3.00 (avg. 2.65) times longer than setae in center of alloscutum; ratio scutal length to length of setae in area medial to marginal grooves 24.60–30.00 (26.93 ± 1.51; n = 11). Venter (Fig. 30F) as illustrated; genital aperture (Fig. 30F) medial to coxae III; genital groove (Fig. 30F) well developed; anal groove (Fig. 30F) oval with open posterior margin; ventral setae (Fig. 30F) numerous, length of preanal setae c. 0.04, evenly distributed. Spiracular plates (Fig. 31A) length 0.30–0.37 (0.33 ± 0.02; n = 11), width 0.31–0.39 (0.35 ± 0.03; n = 11), ratio 0.88–0.97 (0.92 ± 0.03; n = 11); broadly suboval to subcircular. Gnathosoma (Fig. 31B–D) length from palpal apices to cornual apices dorsally 0.68–0.73 (0.69 ± 0.02; n = 11), width of basis capituli dorsally 0.53–0.60 (0.56 ± 0.03; n = 11), ratio 1.15–1.29 (1.22 ± 0.05; n = 10). Dorsal basis capituli (Fig. 31B) length from medial insertion of palpal segment I to cornual apices 0.23–0.25 (0.24 ± 0.01; n = 11), ratio width to length 2.21–2.47 (2.34 ± 0.07; n = 11), subrectangular, lateral margins slightly convex, without lateral projections, posterior margin nearly straight or very slightly convex; cornua short, length 0.03–0.06 (0.04 ± 0.01; n = 11), ratio total length of basis capituli, including cornua, to cornual length 4.00–8.00 (5.84 ± 1.05; n = 11), triangular with broadly rounded apex; transversally suboval porose areas large, width 0.18–0.21 (0.20 ± 0.01; n = 11), ratio width of basis capituli dorsally to width of porose area 2.63–3.03 (2.83 ± 0.12; n = 11), clearly distinct, slightly indented, separated by distance of nearly 1/3 of their own width, openings discrete. Ventral basis capituli (Fig. 31C, D) pentagonal; auriculae moderately long, length 0.04–0.05 (0.05 ± 0.004; n = 11), ratio length of gnathosoma dorsally to length of auriculae 13.24–16.18 (14.59 ± 1.08; n = 11), broad, nearly as long as wide, directed posteriorly or very slightly posterolaterally, with broadly rounded apex. Lateral surface of basis capituli concave (Fig. 31C, D). Palpi (Fig. 31B, C, E) moderately long, length dorsally (segments II and III) 0.35–0.40 (0.38 ± 0.02; n = 11), maximum width (in dorsolateral plane) 0.14–0.16 (0.16 ± 0.01; n = 11), ratio 2.31–2.52 (2.41 ± 0.07; n = 11), length of medial margin of palpal segment I ventrally 0.14–0.18 (0.17 ± 0.01; n = 11); segment I with moderately long internal projection directed anteriorly and giving L-shape to segment I dorsally and ventrally; length of internal projection ventrally from base of palpal segment II to anterior apex 0.10–0.14 (0.13 ± 0.01; n = 11), ratio combined length of palpal segments II and III to length of internal projection on palpal segment I ventrally 2.68–3.43 (3.02 ± 0.25; n = 11); dorsally segment I with slight transversal ridge at base, mesodorsal spur indistinct, dorsoapical denticle indistinct, as small blunt projection; segments II and III fused with indistinct or barely discernible (mostly medially) suture between them, narrow proximally and gradually widening to broadly rounded apex. Hypostome (Fig. 31C, F) length 0.40–0.43 (0.41; n = 3), width 0.15 (n = 3), ratio 2.67–2.78 (2.71; n = 3); base of hypostome nearly at same level as base of palpal segments II, club-shaped, widest close to mid-length; dental formula mostly 4/4, proximal rows 2/2 and then 3/3, distal rows 5/5; denticles sharply pointed; proximal part of hypostome without denticles moderate in length. Legs moderately long, slender. Coxae (Fig. 31G, H): coxae I-III with internal and external spurs, coxae II and III may be with poorly distinct or indistinct internal spur, coxa IV with external spur only; external spur on coxae I-IV moderately long, subequal or spur on coxa I slightly longer than spur on other coxae, narrow, narrowly rounded at apex, directed slightly posteromedially; internal spur on coxae I-III short, decreasing in size from coxa I to III, narrow on coxa I and broader on coxae II and III, narrowly rounded at apex, spur on coxa I directed slightly posteromedially or posteriorly, spur on coxae II and III directed posteriorly; external spur on coxa I at least twice as long as internal spur; no syncoxae. Distally trochanters I-IV (Fig. 31G, H) with moderate ventral spur with narrowly rounded apex. Tarsus I length 0.86–0.94 (0.90 ± 0.03; n = 9); tarsus IV length 0.75–0.84 (0.80 ± 0.03; n = 9). Nymph [Based on 11 specimens; Figs. 32, 33.] Idiosoma (Fig. 32C): broadly suboval, widest posterior to midlength. Scutum (Fig. 32A) length 612–672 (634 ± 15; n = 11), width 553–621 (583 ± 24; n = 11), ratio 1.00–1.15 (1.09 ± 0.04; n = 11); lateral margins diverging for approximately half of scutal length, then converging to broadly rounded posterior margin; posterolateral margins nearly straight; lateral carinae lacking; cervical grooves shallow; setae (Fig. 32A) relatively sparse, short: length in posterocentral field of scutum 5–13 (9 ± 2; n = 8), shorter than those on alloscutum, distributed as figured. Alloscutum (Fig. 32B) as illustrated; setae (Fig. 32B) numerous, evenly distributed, short in center of alloscutum: 13–18 (16 ± 1; n = 10) and long in area medial to marginal grooves: 34–40 (36 ± 2; n = 10), setae in area medial to marginal grooves 2.00–2.67 (2.28 ± 0.22; n = 10) times longer than setae in center of alloscutum; ratio scutal length to length of setae in area medial to marginal grooves 15.94–19.00 (17.55 ± 0.93; n = 10). Anal groove (Fig. 32C) oval with open posterior margin; ventral setae (Fig. 32C) numerous, evenly distributed. Spiracular plates (Fig. 32D) broadly oval; length 136–196 (160 ± 18; n = 11), width 153–196 (171 ± 14; n = 11), ratio 0.84–1.05 (0.94 ± 0.07; n = 11). Gnathosoma (Fig. 33A, B) length from palpal apices to posterior margin of basis capituli ventrally 387–417 (402 ± 11; n = 9), width at dorsal cornua apices 272–306 (291 ± 9; n = 11), ratio 1.36–1.40 (1.37 ± 0.01; n = 9). Basis capituli (Fig. 33A, B): dorsally subtriangular, posterior margin slightly convex with long posterolaterally directed cornua; ventrally pentagonal; auriculae moderately long: length 21–30 (26 ± 2; n = 11), ratio gnathosoma length to auriculae length 13–20 (16 ± 2; n = 9), triangular, directed slightly posterolaterally. Palpi (Fig. 33A, B): elongate, length dorsally (segments II and III) 162–187 (175 ± 7; n = 9), width 77–85 (82 ± 4; n = 9), ratio 2.10–2.22 (2.14 ± 0.05; n = 9); segment I well developed, with moderately long internal projection directed anteriorly and giving L-shape to segment I dorsally and ventrally; length of internal projection ventrally from base of palpal segment II to anterior apex 43–57 (50 ± 5; n = 11), ratio combined length of palpal segments II and III to length of internal projection on palpal segment I ventrally 2.98–4.00 (3.42 ± 0.31; n = 9); segments II and III fused with indistinct suture between them, narrower proximally and gradually widening to broadly rounded apex. Hypostome (Fig. 33B) length 179–193 (187 ± 6; n = 6), width 72–85 (79 ± 5; n = 6), ratio 2.24–2.51 (2.37 ± 0.12; n = 6); widest at approximately its mid-length; base of hypostome approximately at same level as base of palpal segment II; proximal portion of hypostome without denticles short, then dental formula 2/2 for approximately 2 or 3 rows, 3/3 for approximately 4–8 rows, 4/4 for 0–3 rows; apex broadly rounded with irregular smaller denticles. Legs moderately long. Coxae (Fig. 33C): coxae I-III with well-developed internal and external spurs, coxa IV with well-developed external spur and indistinct internal spur; external spur on coxae I-IV moderately long, narrow, narrowly rounded at apex, curved slightly posteromedially; external spur on coxae I-IV nearly subequal; internal spur on coxae I-III short, broad and narrowly to broadly rounded at apex, shorter than external spur; no syncoxae. Trochanters I-IV (Fig. 33C) with short ventral spur. Tarsus I length 434–476 (451 ± 15; n = 10); tarsus IV length 366–400 (385 ± 11; n = 9). Larva [Based on 17 specimens; Figs. 34, 35.] Idiosoma (Fig. 34B): broadly suboval, widest close to midlength. Scutum (Fig. 35A) length 305–365 (328; n = 3), width 375–390 (383; n = 3), ratio 0.81–0.95 (0.86; n = 3); hexagonal, lateral margins diverging for slightly more than 1/2 of scutal length, then converging to broadly rounded or nearly straight posterior margin; posterolateral margins with very slight depressions; lateral carinae absent; cervical grooves faint, shallow depressions. Setae 5 pairs, length of Sc 2 18 (n = 1); length of Sc 3 15 (n = 2); alloscutum (Fig. 34A) as illustrated. Dorsal setae approximately 15–17 pairs; approximately 3–5 pairs of central dorsals, length of Cd 1 22–25 (24; n = 3), length of Cd 2 20–21 (20; n = 3); approximately 11–13 pairs of marginal dorsals combined with supplementaries, length of Md 1 19–22 (20; n = 3). Venter (Fig. 34B) as illustrated; anal groove indistinct anteriorly and open posteriorly. Ventral setae approximately 14–16 pairs plus 1 pair on anal valves; 3 pairs of sternals, length of St 1 20–22 (21; n = 3); 2 pairs of preanals, length of Pa 1 24–25 (25; n = 3), length of Pa 2 28–30 (29; n = 3); approximately 6–8 pairs of premarginals; 3 pairs of marginal ventrals, length of Mv 1 18–21 (20; n = 3). Gnathosoma (Fig. 35B–D): length from hypostomal apex to posterior margin of basis capituli ventrally 240– 275 (254; n = 3), width at dorsal cornual apices 164–185 (172; n = 3); ratio 1.43–1.51 (1.48; n = 3). Basis capituli (Fig. 35B–D): dorsally subtriangular, posterior margin slightly convex with long posterolaterally directed cornua; ventrally pentagonal with relatively short, triangular auriculae, directed posterolaterally. Post-hypostomal setae 2 pairs. Palpi (Fig. 35B, C): elongate, length (segments II and III) 101–105 (103; n = 3), width 48–50 (48; n = 3), ratio 2.10–2.13 (2.12; n = 3); segment I well developed, with moderately long internal projection directed anteriorly and giving L-shape to segment I dorsally and ventrally; length of internal projection ventrally from base of palpal segment II to anterior apex 23–25 (23; n = 3), ratio combined length of palpal segments II and III to length of internal projection on palpal segment I ventrally 4.05–4.67 (4.41; n = 3); segments II and III fused, suture between them indistinct; segment I lacking setae, 10 dorsal and 3 ventral setae on segments II and III combined. Hypostome (Fig. 35C): length 100–103 (101; n = 3), width 50–53 (51; n = 3), ratio 1.95–2.00 (1.97; n = 3); base of hypostome nearly at same level as articulation of palpal segments I and II; proximal portion without denticles short, then dental formula 1/1 for 1 row, 2/2 for 3 or 4 rows and 3/3 for approximately 4 or 5 rows; apex broadly rounded with irregular small denticles. Legs moderately long. Coxae (Fig. 35E): coxa I with well-developed internal and external spurs, coxae II and III each with well-developed external spur and indistinct internal spur; external spur on coxae I-III moderately long, narrow, narrowly rounded at apex, curved slightly posteromedially; external spur on coxa I slightly longer than spur on other coxae; external spur on coxa III slightly shorter than on coxa II; internal spur on coxa I short, broad, narrowly rounded at apex, shorter than external spur; posteromedian angle of coxa II forming slight, broadly rounded projection; no syncoxae; coxae I and III with 3 setae each, coxa II with 2 setae. Trochanters I and II with short ventral spur; trochanter III lack of ventral spur (Fig. 35E). Tarsus I length 238–268 (251; n = 3); tarsus III length 208–245 (230; n = 3). Remarks. Apparently, the male of this species was described in Gregson (1956). Descriptions of the female were partially or entirely based on specimens of I. robbinsi n. sp. in Nuttall (1916), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Gregson (1956), Arthur (1960), Furman and Loomis (1984) and Lindquist et al. (2016). Descriptions of the nymph were seemingly, partially or entirely, based on specimens of I. robbinsi n. sp. in Nuttall (1916), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Gregson (1956), Furman and Loomis (1984) and Lindquist et al. (2016). Descriptions of the larva were seemingly, partially or entirely, based on specimens of I. robbinsi n. sp. in Nuttall (1916), Furman and Loomis (1984), Webb et al. (1990) and Lindquist et al. (2016).