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Risk assessment of haloacetic acids in the water supply of Tehran, Iran
- Source :
- Water Supply. 17:958-965
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- IWA Publishing, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Disinfection by-products are compounds occurring in drinking water as a result of reactions between disinfectants and impurities in raw water, and their occurrence has been a public health concern for the last four decades. Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are one of the major by-products of chlorination. The concentration and variation of HAAs was monitored in 540 samples taken from tap water in six water and wastewater districts of Tehran, Iran. Seasonal variation indicated that natural organic matter and HAA levels were much higher in the spring and fall seasons. The concentrations of HAAs in drinking water samples varied with water sources. They were higher in drinking water obtained from surface water. In this study, the analysis method of human health risk assessment with regard to exposure to HAAs by drinking water in Tehran was based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guideline. It was found from these studies that the risk to human health appears to be negligible. © 2017 IWA Publishing.
- Subjects :
- 021110 strategic, defence & security studies
Haloacetic acids
business.industry
0211 other engineering and technologies
Water supply
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Seasonality
medicine.disease
01 natural sciences
Wastewater
Tap water
Environmental chemistry
medicine
Environmental science
Raw water
business
Risk assessment
Surface water
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Water Science and Technology
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16070798 and 16069749
- Volume :
- 17
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Water Supply
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........53e2cd856d4903a84014e0d3095d7643