Biodiversidad e industria en la región de Tula, Hidalgo: un ensamblaje sistémico

The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics, under a systemic approach, of two of the most important components of the territory: biodiversity and industry in the region of the Tula basin, Hidalgo, based on extensive documentation from official sources and scientific records to understand the operation of the graphic model: "Industry Biodiversity Interaction System", which was built based on said characterization. The industrial sector in the study region presents a spatial concentration of a dispersed type without being established in a particular way in any municipality. Pachuca and Tepeji del Rio are the municipalities that show a slightly higher industrial presence. The largest industry in the Region is that of products derived from non-metallic minerals, followed by chemicals and plastics. With the exception of Chilcuautla and Progreso de Obregón, the Region has a high rate of anthropogenic impact, which contributes to the fact that the Region has a low and very low ecological integrity. The Region has low vulnerability to climate change, but it is vulnerable to wastewater from Mexico City and the Tepeji del Río aquifer has a deficit in water availability. Therefore, the Region reflects processes of unsustainability and the need to restore it (34% of the area as a priority for restoration), which may be due in part to industrial production processes with a high impact on the natural environment and discharges from Mexico City.