Optical radiation safety

Recent studies of light damage to the retina and studies of the hazards to the eye and skin from laser radiation have permitted the development of occupational exposure limits for optical radiation from lamps and lighting systems. Although concerns for potential hazards from the ultraviolet radiation emitted from some lamps have always existed, few have previously been concerned about potential harm to the eyes from visible radiation. Recent studies show that short wavelength light may in some instances be harmful to the retina. Furthermore, infrared radiation hazards to the eye are probably less than was once believed. Exposure limits for ultraviolet radiation and guidelines for visible and near-infrared radiation have been promulgated in the USA and some other countries. A proper understanding of the changing nature of environmental exposures to sunlight throughout the day permits the development of exposure limits for repeated, chronic exposure. The use of the present limits and guidelines for a given lamp or lighting system requires a careful study of exposure conditions if realistic control measures are to be devised. Misunderstanding of the limits or failure to consider realistic exposure conditions can lead to unwarranted concerns regarding lamp safety.