AC load bus frequency control of a DC microgrid based on DC voltage regulation using inertia emulation and economic power management

The use of inertia emulation in a microgrid has been growing as a promising control approach to maintain the bus voltage and frequency. An inertia emulation-based control technique is proposed for a DC microgrid supplying AC loads in this study. The proposed work includes: (i) the DC bus voltage regulation using virtual inertia control and economic power management by a current sharing algorithm in cascade with a restoration control; (ii) AC load bus voltage and frequency regulation using virtual excitation emulation and inertia emulated control that utilises the emulated inertia and DC bus voltage. Further, it also provides inertia support to the grid. The coordinated current sharing algorithm manages the current (power) sharing between the grid and battery pack of electric vehicles based on electricity price and state of charge of the battery. The cascaded restoration control eliminates the steady-state error in the DC bus voltage. Finally, the DC microgrid is simulated under various operating conditions to verify the performance of the proposed control approach. The simulation results reveal that the objectives are achieved successfully.