Miscellaneous Ash/Combustion By-products

Apart from coal fly ash discussed in previous chapter, there are other by-products related to technological operations for which mechanochemistry can be efficiently used. Namely mechanochemical treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash has been investigated in many studies. In addition, the high-energy ball milling procedure has been applied for the medical solid waste incineration fly ash, incineration bottom ash and palm oil fuel ash. Mechanochemical treatment leads to an efficient stabilization of heavy metals in the ash and decomposition of toxic polyhalogenated compounds (e.g., dioxins) present there. Further applications of mechanochemically treated miscellaneous ash in composites, metals recovery, or nanoparticles production are reviewed here.