Antioxidant micronutrients and renal cell carcinoma: Results from the Women’s Health Initiative

1515 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 8thleading cancer in women, commonly diagnosed at more advanced stage. Oxidative stress has been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of RCC. Various dietary micronutrients have antioxidant properties, including carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and thus diets rich in these nutrients have been evaluated in relation to renal cancer prevention. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between antioxidant micronutrient and RCC risk in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Methods: A total of 91,913 postmenopausal women enrolled between 1993 and 1998 and followed through July 2013 were included in the analysis. Dietary micronutrient intake was estimated from the baseline WHI food frequency questionnaire, and data on supplement use was collected via interview-based inventory procedure. RCC cases were ascertained from medical records and centrally adjudicated. Risk for RCC associated with α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanth...