The mechanisms of correlation as the background of the language system

This research paper is devoted to the clarification of mechanisms of correlation that function in the language and cognition. The study has been conducted on varied language material with the consideration of the level structure of modern linguistics, particularly phonetic, morphemic, lexical, morphological, syntactical levels. In this paper, we used the method of theoretical analysis of works and existing academic definitions based on the mechanisms of correlation that made it possible to determine differential signs that reveal its underlying content and interpretation. Applying correlation as a terminological notion, modern linguistics determines in it the following key signs and features: systemic relation, opposition nature, modeling character, dichotomous structure etc. The mechanisms of correlation embodied in the language (analogue, comparison, modelling, functional commonness etc.) that enable to learn the many-sided nature of being influence the person from the moment of birth, forming a naïve picture of the child’s world, introducing the child into the ethnic and language environment, familiarizing with the basics of material and spiritual culture, determining the most essential spatial sense coordinates in the cognition of the world. It is relevant to apply these mechanisms as a categorical notion, since it is the mechanism of correlation that becomes the background of the development of the conceptual language picture of the world of an ethnos, being the marker of the national language, traditions, culture, and human cognition. The category of correlation is a philosophical and esthetic notion of oppositional nature (e.g. object-subject, general-concrete, similar-different) the nature of which is in the character of human cognition itself, their mechanisms becoming the background of spreading any information (intellectual, spiritual, cultural, esthetic, imaginative, etc.). The mentioned specific features find their reflection in any language notion; they determine the language system of each ethnos. Keywords: correlation, cognition, ethnos, analogy, comparison, modelling, functional commonness, oppositional character, category.