A model to determine the effects of low proportion of hydrogen and the flame kernel radius on combustion and emission performance of direct injection spark ignition engine

The only product of hydrogen combustion is water, so it is very clean. In this paper, the effects of low hydrogen content and FKR on the performance of the GDI engine are mainly studied. The simulation results show that adding less than 3% hydrogen in the GDI engine can improve the BP and BT of the engine under typical urban conditions such as 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm. As the hydrogen volume fraction and the FKR increase, the LFS of the mixture increases, resulting in a shorter ignition delay, combustion delay, and 10–90 % MFB. However, an increase in FKR results in a decrease in the BP and BT. In terms of fuel economy, the BSFC decreases as the hydrogen content increases, but as FKR increases, the BSFC increases. In terms of emissions, the proportion of hydrogen increases, HC and NOx emissions increase, and CO and CO2 emissions decrease. Therefore, adding hydrogen to the GDI engine while adjusting the FKR can improve the dynamic performance of the engine and reduce CO and CO2 exhaust emissions.