Fizyolojik ve Patolojik Durumlarda Epigenetik Değişiklikler

Unlike genetic information, which is fixed throughout an individual’s lifetime unless a somatic mutation occurs, epigenetic information has a high plasticity and varies with cell type and developmental stage. Epigenetic marks can contribute to the emergence of congenital and acquired disorders. After the completion of the human genome project, epigenetic studies gained momentum. Epigenetic changes can lead to functional effects on cells throughout life, from intrauterine life to old age. They mediate the differentiation of cells and the determination of different cell fates, which ultimately provides the plasticity needed for normal functioning. About 2% of the human genome encodes proteins; about 70% are transcribed into non-coding RNAs that do not code for proteins but change gene expression. In addition to the occurrence of epigenetic changes during treatment, drugs targeting epigenetic change are being developed. Epigenetic biomarkers have begun to be used in early diagnosis. Epigenetics is a field that seems to open new horizons in the diagnosis, prediction and treatment of common diseases such as cancer and chronic diseases.