Discovery of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives as novel PARP-1 inhibitors: design, synthesis and antitumor activity

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 (PARP-1) are involved in DNA repair damage and so PARP-1 inhibitors have been used as potentiators in combination with DNA damaging cytotoxic agents to compromise the cancer cell DNA repair mechanism, resulting in genomic dysfunction and cell death. In this study, we report the synthesis of a novel series of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione analogues as potential inhibitors against PARP-1. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards PARP-1 and examined for their anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 and HCT116 human cancer cell lines. The synthesized compounds showed promising activity where compounds S2 and S7 emerged as the most potent PARP-1 inhibitors with an IC50 value of 4.06 ± 0.18 and 3.61 ± 0.15 nM, respectively compared to that of Olaparib 5.77 nM and high cytotoxicity against MCF-7 with IC50 2.65 ± 0.05 and 1.28 ± 1.12 μM, respectively (Staurosporine 7.258 μM). Compound S8 remarkably showed the highest cell growth inhibition against MCF-7 and HCT116 with an IC50 value of 0.66 ± 0.05 and 2.76 ± 0.06 μM, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking of the compounds into the PARP-1 active site was performed to explore the probable binding mode. Finally, most of the synthesized compounds were predicted to have good pharmacokinetics properties in a theoretical kinetic study.