Sustainable future technologies: A concept for risk assessment applied to chemical looping combustion installations

The applicability of the Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept was investigated during development of oxygen carriers (OCs) for Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) installations; the newly developed OCs are complex, fluidizable metal-oxides. SbD assesses Health Safety and Environmental (HSE) risks at an early stage of product development. Hereto, the impact of the key parameters on safety of future industrial units were estimated with exposure simulations (solid pouring tests and modelling by similarity with commercial refining technology). The likelihood of health effects for workers exposed via inhalation was examined with in vitro tests, showing that particles of Mn-based OC have the potency to initiate an allergic reaction (concentration-dependent increase of cytokines). The manufacturing process showed impact on the ecotoxicological properties of Cu-based OC (EC50 algae