Applications of Algal Nanoparticles in Agriculture

Agriculture is considered as a backbone for most of the developing countries around the world. Since the population is continuously increasing, it is necessary to use modern technologies of nano- and biotechnology in agricultural sciences. Nano-biotechnology offers solution in all stages of growth, processing, production, storing, packaging and transportation of agricultural products. Nano-biotechnology can revolutionize both food and agroindustries by proving better crop protection against several diseases, better shelf life, enhanced yield, more nutritional value and better resistance to harsh environmental conditions. Nanoparticles can now be easily synthesized via biological routes and can be instantly applied for agricultural purposes. Algae (macro/micro) are leading front runner in producing nanoparticles that can successfully provide several versatile applications. Algae play an important role in agriculture. Seaweeds (macroalgae) are used as fertilizers, resulting in less nitrogen and phosphorous run-off than the one from the use of livestock manure. This chapter provides an insight on various species of algae that can be used in nanoparticle synthesis and the advantages it can provide in agricultural activities.