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Towards autonomous lateral flow assays: Paper-based microfluidic fuel cell inside an HIV-test using a blood sample as fuel
- Source :
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 42:27979-27986
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2017.
-
Abstract
- This work presents the integration of a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell inside a lateral flow assay-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test. To modify the HIV test, a bioanode that oxidizes the glucose present in a serum or blood sample and a cathode that reduces the oxygen delivered from air were stacked on the bottom and top, respectively, of a paper-strip test. A mixture of glucose oxidase enzyme, Nafion®, glutaraldehyde, deionized water and tetrabutylammonium bromide were deposited on a methylene blue electro-polymerized Toray® paper and used as the bioanode. Meanwhile, Pt/C (Vulcan XC-72) on Toray® paper was used as an air-breathing cathode. The GOx enzyme anchored on the carbon-based surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical response of the bioanode array demonstrated the oxidation of 0.1 M glucose, leading to a current density increase due to FAD+/FADH reactions. The above procedure was corroborated through scanning electrochemical microscopy, which showed an increase in the current (400 pA) in the presence of glucose on the bioanode. The paper-based microfluidic fuel cell performance showed power densities of 0.16 and 0.12 mW cm−2 using human serum and blood samples, respectively. Furthermore, the stability of the device was measured in terms of the recovery after obtaining four polarization curves that lasted 30 min, after which the sample dried out. This work represents a great advancement in the integration of a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell towards autonomous lateral flow assays.
- Subjects :
- Scanning electron microscope
Microfluidics
Analytical chemistry
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
02 engineering and technology
010402 general chemistry
01 natural sciences
law.invention
Scanning electrochemical microscopy
chemistry.chemical_compound
law
Glucose oxidase
Polarization (electrochemistry)
biology
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Condensed Matter Physics
Cathode
0104 chemical sciences
Fuel Technology
chemistry
Chemical engineering
biology.protein
Glutaraldehyde
0210 nano-technology
Methylene blue
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03603199
- Volume :
- 42
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........42463c6ceffd8214ec50b655cd428743