Thoracic outlet syndrome in a postoperative cervical spondylotic myelopathy patient

Rationale Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare disease that presents with neurogenic and vascular symptoms similar to those of cervical spondylosis. However, making the diagnosis of TOS can be challenging due to a lack of standardized objective confirmatory tests. Patient concerns A 66-year-old man presented with neck, supraclavicular, and right shoulder pain as well as numbness and weakness in the right arm after surgery to correct cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Diagnosis Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of CSM. He was diagnosed with TOS based on the manifestations and examination findings. Interventions After surgery for CSM, nonoperative management was provided. Outcomes The patient reported pain relief and improving sensation in the shoulder and supraclavicular region. Lessons Based on this case and the reviewed literature, to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of CSM, clinicians should consider preoperative differential diagnosis to preliminarily exclude it.