Role of18F-FDG PET/CT differentiating olfactory neuroblastoma from sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma

Objectives The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential contribution of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to help differentiate olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) from sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). Methods Following approval by the institutional review board at the Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, a pilot study with retrospective review of patients with biopsy-proven diagnosis of ONB s and SNUC s was conducted. Staging PET/CT scans were reviewed to document the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). A statistical comparison of SUVmax was performed. Results We identified 13 patients (7 with ONBs and 6 with SNUCs) with mean age 60.2 years who had undergone staging F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT of the primary tumor at the time of their diagnosis. Mean SUVmax was found to be five-fold higher in SNUC patients (35.63, range 10.8–77.9) than in ONB patients (7.24, range 4.6–10.7) (P ≤ 0.00169). Conclusion Maximum standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used to initially discriminate between ONB and SNUC. This finding may prove helpful to guide diagnostic and treatment planning when the histopathologic diagnosis is inconclusive. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2016