Side Effects of Targeted Therapy

Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has evolved rapidly over the last years, from the era of immunological therapies to targeted agents. New drugs, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as previous immunological therapies, are associated with important toxicity, which may require a physician with experience in the treatment of these side effects. Proper management of these adverse effects (AEs) is essential to ensure the optimal therapeutic dosage and improve patient outcomes, including enhanced survival and quality of life.